Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Positron Emission Tomography is an advanced nuclear imaging technique used to visualize metabolic processes inside the human body. Unlike traditional imaging, which shows only anatomical structures, PET reveals how tissues and organs function at a molecular level.
This makes it extremely valuable for early detection of cancer, neurological conditions, and cardiovascular abnormalities.
A PET scan works by injecting a small amount of radioactive tracer into the bloodstream. The tracer emits positrons that interact with electrons, producing gamma rays. These rays are captured by the scanner to create 3D images of bodily functions. PET imaging is often paired with CT or MRI to combine functional and structural information for a complete diagnostic picture.
PET’s biggest advantage lies in detecting disease before physical changes occur. For example, cancers often consume glucose rapidly, so they appear as “hot spots” on PET images. Neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease can be identified early through visible metabolic reductions. Cardiologists use PET to measure blood flow and oxygen use in heart tissue, helping diagnose coronary artery disease.
Technological advancements include digital PET scanners, time-of-flight imaging, and AI-enhanced reconstruction, all of which improve resolution and reduce radiation exposure. New tracers are being developed for targeted disease imaging, including prostate cancer, Parkinson’s, and inflammatory disorders. PET is increasingly used in precision medicine, allowing physicians to monitor treatment response and adjust therapies proactively.
FAQQ1: Is PET safe?Yes, radiotracer doses are low and usually well tolerated.
Q2: How long does a PET scan take?Typically 20–60 minutes depending on the study.
Q3: What diseases are commonly diagnosed with PET?Cancer, neurological disorders, and heart diseases.